{
  "meta": {
    "disclaimer": "Do not rely on openFDA to make decisions regarding medical care. While we make every effort to ensure that data is accurate, you should assume all results are unvalidated. We may limit or otherwise restrict your access to the API in line with our Terms of Service.",
    "terms": "https://open.fda.gov/terms/",
    "license": "https://open.fda.gov/license/",
    "last_updated": "2025-09-19",
    "results": {
      "skip": 0,
      "limit": 1,
      "total": 1
    }
  },
  "results": [
    {
      "codes": [
        {
          "uuid": "56b5fa0b-25b3-403d-a2c5-e64ed54f7bb2",
          "code": "816-66-0",
          "type": "PRIMARY",
          "url": "https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=816-66-0",
          "code_system": "CAS",
          "references": [
            "14702573-3be3-47cd-8ea5-de47d758b5c4",
            "7a33bc66-aba3-4c7a-bb2c-b94743398d26"
          ]
        },
        {
          "uuid": "98914b05-59eb-495e-a394-d1c4dbd84adc",
          "code": "212-435-5",
          "type": "PRIMARY",
          "url": "https://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.011.304",
          "code_system": "ECHA (EC/EINECS)",
          "references": [
            "14702573-3be3-47cd-8ea5-de47d758b5c4"
          ]
        },
        {
          "uuid": "8822c72d-763a-4a2d-9f7e-6f4bbfc03b75",
          "code": "70",
          "type": "PRIMARY",
          "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/70",
          "code_system": "PUBCHEM",
          "references": [
            "14702573-3be3-47cd-8ea5-de47d758b5c4"
          ]
        },
        {
          "uuid": "c2be12c3-38f8-f0e3-b197-eda8a0c7642e",
          "code": "alpha-Ketoisocaproic acid",
          "type": "PRIMARY",
          "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/alpha-Ketoisocaproic_acid",
          "code_system": "WIKIPEDIA",
          "references": [
            "8a03c5db-17a5-bd51-38bd-3e862f6c66b3"
          ]
        },
        {
          "uuid": "dcc9bd2a-3146-73cc-b4d8-495fce33336c",
          "code": "DTXSID6061157",
          "type": "PRIMARY",
          "url": "https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID6061157",
          "code_system": "EPA CompTox",
          "references": [
            "177984e2-f978-f4ae-00fb-7425c321c7be"
          ]
        },
        {
          "uuid": "60f3a1c5-efdf-057e-d3a8-9def5ce1662b",
          "code": "1491 (Number of products:4)",
          "comments": "Dietary Supplement Label Database|Chemical|Ketoglutarate",
          "type": "PRIMARY",
          "url": "https://dsld.od.nih.gov/dsld/rptIngredient.jsp?grpid=1491&item=Ketoglutarate",
          "code_system": "DSLD",
          "references": [
            "39440d15-5b9d-b1f7-2bd5-eb5b0c6d76b4"
          ]
        },
        {
          "uuid": "f5d078fd-fbc6-47ed-80fd-862534174e9e",
          "code": "4GUJ8AH400",
          "type": "PRIMARY",
          "code_system": "FDA UNII"
        },
        {
          "uuid": "6df8c62d-d046-fa2a-9316-603bf472b388",
          "code": "17865",
          "type": "PRIMARY",
          "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/chebiOntology.do?chebiId=CHEBI:17865",
          "code_system": "CHEBI",
          "references": [
            "39440d15-5b9d-b1f7-2bd5-eb5b0c6d76b4"
          ]
        },
        {
          "uuid": "33c9ebe5-754e-3492-999e-a326bb78a910",
          "code": "48430",
          "type": "PRIMARY",
          "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/chebiOntology.do?chebiId=CHEBI:48430",
          "code_system": "CHEBI",
          "references": [
            "39440d15-5b9d-b1f7-2bd5-eb5b0c6d76b4"
          ]
        },
        {
          "uuid": "be0ffc70-6393-d861-b688-695d61715f68",
          "code": "454",
          "type": "PRIMARY",
          "url": "https://www.fao.org/food/food-safety-quality/scientific-advice/jecfa/jecfa-flav/details/en/c/454/",
          "code_system": "JECFA MONOGRAPH",
          "references": [
            "7ff79b0f-37b3-30df-b7e3-a47d92ce273d"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "relationships": [
        {
          "uuid": "af5a621e-ee3b-4126-8a80-33d940ff1209",
          "amount": {
            "uuid": "08bd1ee7-3a63-41ac-8ba1-0387c2f1af1e"
          },
          "type": "PARENT->METABOLITE",
          "related_substance": {
            "uuid": "72815c7f-00bc-4dbf-acc8-3feccabbd4f1",
            "refuuid": "4dc6fe8f-ba34-4a2a-96d0-c3a468a84476",
            "name": "LEUCINE",
            "unii": "GMW67QNF9C",
            "linking_id": "GMW67QNF9C",
            "ref_pname": "LEUCINE"
          }
        },
        {
          "uuid": "25102085-6fe8-41bd-b86c-844d38ff51d8",
          "type": "SALT/SOLVATE->PARENT",
          "references": [
            "3ab1fea5-098c-4e39-8cab-757055b78d27"
          ],
          "related_substance": {
            "uuid": "733abf1a-67f8-4f3a-841f-55f84b09b60a",
            "refuuid": "fbd7f96a-0b36-429a-9c3e-c7342d640e71",
            "name": "ARGININE .ALPHA.-KETOISOCAPROATE",
            "unii": "7S4R4V1RM7",
            "linking_id": "7S4R4V1RM7",
            "ref_pname": "ARGININE .ALPHA.-KETOISOCAPROATE"
          }
        },
        {
          "uuid": "bbc8b590-55c2-41df-b671-817c2e451122",
          "type": "SALT/SOLVATE->PARENT",
          "references": [
            "1ef44b57-ad1b-447a-bed3-55613274331f"
          ],
          "related_substance": {
            "uuid": "da33ac6d-c089-4a45-8ee0-9c917b2b5b03",
            "refuuid": "b9c8daf5-8e30-4078-ba53-7a188878fb07",
            "name": "L-ORNITHINE .ALPHA.-KETOISOCAPROATE",
            "unii": "9K1Y6V15ZY",
            "linking_id": "9K1Y6V15ZY",
            "ref_pname": "L-ORNITHINE .ALPHA.-KETOISOCAPROATE"
          }
        },
        {
          "uuid": "d589284c-80c9-442d-90b7-7e78604ea5f0",
          "type": "SALT/SOLVATE->PARENT",
          "references": [
            "d7783321-1428-4766-8884-97bd534a01b2"
          ],
          "related_substance": {
            "uuid": "6fbb6922-5bdf-44a8-a7c4-f2c58469cdec",
            "refuuid": "376cf360-11d5-4197-bbbb-5f458e27f3f0",
            "name": "LYSINE KETOISOCAPROATE",
            "unii": "4TJZ858QD3",
            "linking_id": "4TJZ858QD3",
            "ref_pname": "LYSINE KETOISOCAPROATE"
          }
        },
        {
          "uuid": "a18085e5-20b4-4d06-b96e-8d62ceda1484",
          "type": "SALT/SOLVATE->PARENT",
          "related_substance": {
            "uuid": "08e93002-84ca-478b-aa41-e3b383b8fc5e",
            "refuuid": "2bcdcb2f-f30c-4a4e-9962-38e22663a67e",
            "name": "KETOISOCAPROATE POTASSIUM",
            "unii": "GS2MTD1FEW",
            "linking_id": "GS2MTD1FEW",
            "ref_pname": "KETOISOCAPROATE POTASSIUM"
          }
        },
        {
          "uuid": "f49e4615-6b1c-4f69-9857-d1d09e62d95d",
          "type": "SALT/SOLVATE->PARENT",
          "references": [
            "44d88433-6537-4133-abf6-ce30e9d541a4"
          ],
          "related_substance": {
            "uuid": "e67c75f3-52e2-4b76-a058-06e0f3b0ca2b",
            "refuuid": "e797024b-95cc-4328-9ffc-ff70faf8081c",
            "name": "KETOISOCAPROIC ACID CALCIUM DIHYDRATE",
            "unii": "Y5VW6O1P4I",
            "linking_id": "Y5VW6O1P4I",
            "ref_pname": "KETOISOCAPROIC ACID CALCIUM DIHYDRATE"
          }
        }
      ],
      "substance_class": "chemical",
      "names": [
        {
          "uuid": "881a6ac0-19bc-4af1-8ccc-b89f7b991e22",
          "name": ".ALPHA.-KETOISOCAPROIC ACID",
          "stdName": ".ALPHA.-KETOISOCAPROIC ACID",
          "type": "sys",
          "languages": [
            "en"
          ],
          "preferred": false,
          "references": [
            "de826068-7883-432e-b3d9-8f47d451587d"
          ],
          "display_name": true
        },
        {
          "uuid": "d025e2d1-f8ac-4258-bbdc-8fcbb4861555",
          "name": "2-KETO-4-METHYLVALERIC ACID",
          "stdName": "2-KETO-4-METHYLVALERIC ACID",
          "type": "sys",
          "languages": [
            "en"
          ],
          "preferred": false,
          "references": [
            "de826068-7883-432e-b3d9-8f47d451587d"
          ],
          "display_name": false
        },
        {
          "uuid": "5a1f3645-e4b2-d63d-6f92-aa691dcf33f4",
          "name": "2-OXOISOCAPROATE",
          "stdName": "2-OXOISOCAPROATE",
          "type": "cn",
          "languages": [
            "en"
          ],
          "preferred": false,
          "references": [
            "f46a8274-8c04-4761-bc2e-01baa7fcd694"
          ],
          "display_name": false
        },
        {
          "uuid": "7add79d3-9d0d-481a-abb2-5b752bdfe346",
          "name": "2-OXOLEUCINE",
          "stdName": "2-OXOLEUCINE",
          "type": "cn",
          "languages": [
            "en"
          ],
          "preferred": false,
          "references": [
            "de826068-7883-432e-b3d9-8f47d451587d"
          ],
          "display_name": false
        },
        {
          "uuid": "6734ec8d-ab1a-48e4-862d-f7061d66c3d0",
          "name": "4-METHYL-2-OXOPENTANOIC ACID",
          "stdName": "4-METHYL-2-OXOPENTANOIC ACID",
          "type": "sys",
          "languages": [
            "en"
          ],
          "preferred": false,
          "references": [
            "de826068-7883-432e-b3d9-8f47d451587d"
          ],
          "display_name": false
        },
        {
          "uuid": "3d733f59-89d8-4a16-a35e-1691e3521c76",
          "name": "4-METHYL-2-OXOVALERIC ACID",
          "stdName": "4-METHYL-2-OXOVALERIC ACID",
          "type": "sys",
          "languages": [
            "en"
          ],
          "preferred": false,
          "references": [
            "29d60a49-1935-48d9-868e-d11637e5b878"
          ],
          "display_name": false
        },
        {
          "uuid": "3a321c83-d637-4dd4-9ed7-e235db6bef8b",
          "name": "KETOLEUCINE",
          "stdName": "KETOLEUCINE",
          "type": "sys",
          "languages": [
            "en"
          ],
          "preferred": false,
          "references": [
            "de826068-7883-432e-b3d9-8f47d451587d"
          ],
          "display_name": false
        },
        {
          "uuid": "6b0f23d1-e0da-4e38-9876-1b8f6bcbd32a",
          "name": "PENTANOIC ACID, 4-METHYL-2-OXO-",
          "stdName": "PENTANOIC ACID, 4-METHYL-2-OXO-",
          "type": "cn",
          "languages": [
            "en"
          ],
          "preferred": false,
          "references": [
            "b0376891-393e-4fce-b256-7de68a2ff68b"
          ],
          "display_name": false
        }
      ],
      "references": [
        {
          "uuid": "f46a8274-8c04-4761-bc2e-01baa7fcd694",
          "citation": "29865-3",
          "doc_type": "LOINC",
          "public_domain": true
        },
        {
          "uuid": "7a33bc66-aba3-4c7a-bb2c-b94743398d26",
          "citation": "STN",
          "doc_type": "STN (SCIFINDER)",
          "public_domain": true
        },
        {
          "uuid": "29d60a49-1935-48d9-868e-d11637e5b878",
          "citation": "CFSAN",
          "doc_type": "SRS",
          "public_domain": true,
          "tags": [
            "NOMEN",
            "PUBLIC_DOMAIN_RELEASE",
            "AUTO_SELECTED"
          ]
        },
        {
          "uuid": "de826068-7883-432e-b3d9-8f47d451587d",
          "citation": "STN",
          "doc_type": "SRS",
          "public_domain": true,
          "tags": [
            "NOMEN"
          ]
        },
        {
          "uuid": "b0376891-393e-4fce-b256-7de68a2ff68b",
          "citation": "SWISS MEDIC",
          "doc_type": "SRS",
          "public_domain": true,
          "tags": [
            "NOMEN"
          ]
        },
        {
          "uuid": "14702573-3be3-47cd-8ea5-de47d758b5c4",
          "citation": "SRS CODE IMPORT",
          "doc_type": "SRS",
          "public_domain": true,
          "document_date": 1493389688000,
          "tags": [
            "NOMEN"
          ]
        },
        {
          "uuid": "fcd93f0d-cc90-437f-8457-ec9be6467b5d",
          "citation": "SRS import [4GUJ8AH400]",
          "url": "http://fdasis.nlm.nih.gov/srs/srsdirect.jsp?regno=4GUJ8AH400",
          "doc_type": "SRS",
          "public_domain": true,
          "document_date": 1493389688000,
          "tags": [
            "NOMEN"
          ]
        },
        {
          "uuid": "8a03c5db-17a5-bd51-38bd-3e862f6c66b3",
          "citation": "WIKI",
          "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/alpha-Ketoisocaproic_acid",
          "doc_type": "WIKI",
          "public_domain": true,
          "tags": [
            "NOMEN",
            "PUBLIC_DOMAIN_RELEASE"
          ]
        },
        {
          "uuid": "177984e2-f978-f4ae-00fb-7425c321c7be",
          "citation": "WEBSITE",
          "url": "https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/dsstoxdb/results?utf8=%E2%9C%93&search=816-66-0",
          "doc_type": "WEBSITE",
          "public_domain": true,
          "tags": [
            "NOMEN",
            "PUBLIC_DOMAIN_RELEASE"
          ]
        },
        {
          "uuid": "44d88433-6537-4133-abf6-ce30e9d541a4",
          "citation": "STN",
          "doc_type": "STN (SCIFINDER)",
          "public_domain": true,
          "tags": [
            "NOMEN",
            "PUBLIC_DOMAIN_RELEASE"
          ]
        },
        {
          "uuid": "3ab1fea5-098c-4e39-8cab-757055b78d27",
          "citation": "FDA_SRS",
          "doc_type": "SRS",
          "public_domain": true,
          "tags": [
            "NOMEN",
            "PUBLIC_DOMAIN_RELEASE",
            "AUTO_SELECTED"
          ]
        },
        {
          "uuid": "1ef44b57-ad1b-447a-bed3-55613274331f",
          "citation": "CFSAN",
          "doc_type": "SRS",
          "public_domain": true,
          "tags": [
            "NOMEN",
            "PUBLIC_DOMAIN_RELEASE",
            "AUTO_SELECTED"
          ]
        },
        {
          "uuid": "39440d15-5b9d-b1f7-2bd5-eb5b0c6d76b4",
          "doc_type": "SYSTEM",
          "public_domain": true
        },
        {
          "uuid": "d7783321-1428-4766-8884-97bd534a01b2",
          "citation": "CFSAN",
          "doc_type": "SRS",
          "public_domain": true,
          "tags": [
            "NOMEN",
            "PUBLIC_DOMAIN_RELEASE",
            "AUTO_SELECTED"
          ]
        },
        {
          "uuid": "7ff79b0f-37b3-30df-b7e3-a47d92ce273d",
          "citation": "JECFA",
          "doc_type": "JECFA",
          "public_domain": true
        }
      ],
      "definition_type": "PRIMARY",
      "moieties": [
        {
          "uuid": "aaa7f9e6-cf44-441e-935a-9c62d6ea31aa",
          "id": "aaa7f9e6-cf44-441e-935a-9c62d6ea31aa",
          "molfile": "\n  Marvin  01132108512D          \n\n  9  8  0  0  0  0            999 V2000\n    3.5927   -0.8362    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0\n    2.8752   -1.2311    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0\n    2.8648   -2.0699    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0\n    2.1319   -0.8362    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0\n    1.4350   -1.2182    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0\n    1.4350   -2.0518    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0\n    0.7149   -0.8156    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0\n    0.7149    0.0000    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0\n    0.0000   -1.2182    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0\n  1  2  1  0  0  0  0\n  3  2  1  0  0  0  0\n  2  4  1  0  0  0  0\n  4  5  1  0  0  0  0\n  6  5  2  0  0  0  0\n  5  7  1  0  0  0  0\n  8  7  1  0  0  0  0\n  9  7  2  0  0  0  0\nM  END",
          "smiles": "CC(C)CC(=O)C(=O)O",
          "formula": "C6H10O3",
          "atropisomerism": "No",
          "charge": 0,
          "count": 1,
          "stereochemistry": "ACHIRAL",
          "count_amount": {
            "type": "MOL RATIO",
            "average": 1,
            "units": "MOL RATIO",
            "uuid": "51c6e4bb-49ad-4351-851f-452b4a3d5520"
          },
          "defined_stereo": 0,
          "ez_centers": 0,
          "molecular_weight": "130.142",
          "optical_activity": "NONE",
          "stereo_centers": 0
        }
      ],
      "definition_level": "COMPLETE",
      "uuid": "d160668f-1e69-4a0f-8166-e09afd384287",
      "version": "19",
      "structure": {
        "id": "66419398-4145-472d-a099-e412eb5610bb",
        "molfile": "\n  Marvin  01132105192D          \n\n  9  8  0  0  0  0            999 V2000\n    0.7149   -0.8156    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0\n    1.4350   -1.2182    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0\n    0.7149    0.0000    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0\n    2.1319   -0.8362    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0\n    1.4350   -2.0518    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0\n    0.0000   -1.2182    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0\n    2.8752   -1.2311    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0\n    3.5927   -0.8362    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0\n    2.8648   -2.0699    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0\n  2  1  1  0  0  0  0\n  3  1  2  0  0  0  0\n  4  2  1  0  0  0  0\n  5  2  2  0  0  0  0\n  6  1  1  0  0  0  0\n  7  4  1  0  0  0  0\n  8  7  1  0  0  0  0\n  9  7  1  0  0  0  0\nM  END",
        "smiles": "CC(C)CC(=O)C(=O)O",
        "formula": "C6H10O3",
        "atropisomerism": "No",
        "charge": 0,
        "count": 1,
        "stereochemistry": "ACHIRAL",
        "defined_stereo": 0,
        "ez_centers": 0,
        "molecular_weight": "130.142",
        "optical_activity": "NONE",
        "references": [
          "de826068-7883-432e-b3d9-8f47d451587d",
          "fcd93f0d-cc90-437f-8457-ec9be6467b5d"
        ],
        "stereo_centers": 0
      },
      "unii": "4GUJ8AH400"
    }
  ]
}